Which of the following are primary categories of crimes under the Penal Code?

The primary categories of crimes under the Penal Code are felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions. This classification is essential because it establishes the severity of the crime and the corresponding legal consequences.

Felonies are the most serious category, often resulting in substantial prison time and significant fines. They typically involve severe harm or the threat of harm to individuals or society, such as murder or robbery. Misdemeanors, while still crimes, are less severe offenses that may incur lighter penalties, such as shorter jail sentences or smaller fines, often involving behaviors like petty theft or disorderly conduct. Infractions are the least severe category, generally resulting in fines without imprisonment, often associated with minor violations such as traffic offenses.

Other combinations mentioned in different options include terms like violations, civil penalties, and civil offenses, which do not accurately reflect the structured classification of crimes under the Penal Code, focusing instead on civil law matters or less serious misconduct not classified as criminal offenses. Each category hence plays a critical role in the legal system, influencing how offenders are treated based on the nature of their crimes.