Which of the following constitutes "criminal mischief"?

Criminal mischief broadly refers to the intentional or reckless destruction or damage of another person's property. Vandalism fits this definition perfectly as it involves the willful destruction or defacement of property, typically causing financial loss or damage to the owner. This can encompass actions such as graffiti, breaking windows, or other types of property damage that intentionally disrupt the rights of property owners.

The other options do not align with the definition of criminal mischief. Theft involves taking someone else's property with the intent to permanently deprive them of it, which is a separate offense. Assault pertains to causing bodily injury or the threat of harm to an individual, while fraud involves deception aimed at securing unlawful gain, neither of which involve the destruction or damage of property characteristic of criminal mischief. Thus, vandalism is the clear choice that exemplifies this legal concept.