Which term describes an obligation to act that leads to criminal consequences if not performed?

The obligation to act that can result in criminal consequences if not fulfilled is described as the "duty to rescue." This concept refers to the legal expectation that individuals may have to assist others in peril, particularly in situations where their assistance could help prevent harm or injury. In many jurisdictions, failing to fulfill this duty can lead to criminal charges if the individual had the ability to provide assistance without putting themselves in danger.

In contrast, other terms present in the choices have different meanings. "Actus reus" refers to the physical act of committing a crime, which does not inherently involve a duty but rather the action itself. "Mens rea" pertains to the mental state or intent behind committing a crime, focusing on the individual's mindset rather than any obligation to act. The term "crime of omission" relates to a failure to act where the law requires a certain action, but it is narrower than the duty to rescue and does not encompass the broader legal obligation to assist others in emergencies. Therefore, the most accurate term for an obligation that leads to criminal consequences for failure to act is the duty to rescue.